When I began my career as an electrical technician my first challenge was the problem of checking the continuity of a wire that spans a long distance. My problem was compounded due to the physical layout of the wire under test. Let me use a simple picture to layout the nature of my problem. A bunch of Armoured cables outgoing from the PCC (Power Control Center) in Building 1 feeds a group of distribution panels in Building 2 over 100ft away. Ideally, the cables should be tagged but due to aging and poor maintenance, most of the tags were not visible. The problem was that some Distribution boards in building 2 had power while some others didn't. The DB of interest didn't have power and thorough checks showed that there was no power on the cable feeding that DB. All outgoing cables from Building one PCC had power so I suspected that the cable was no longer continuous. Anyway in the initial design of the facility ...
A battery is a collection of one or more electrochemical cells that converts chemical energy contained within its active materials directly into electric energy. Many types of batteries are commonly used in modern day applications, and they are named by the elements that make up the electrochemical cell of the battery they include 1) Nickel Cadmium (Ni-Cd) 2) Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) 3) Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) 4) Lead Acid The nickel-cadmium (NiCd) battery was invented by Swedish scientist Waldemar Jungner in 1899. Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) and Cadmium (CD) is submerged inside Potassium hydroxide (KOH). Components of an Electrochemical cell Anode: Oxidation occurs at the anode Cathode: Reduction occurs at the cathode. Electrodes: In order to hook up an external circuit you need have something to physically connect the wire to. There are two types of electrodes, active and inert. An Inert electrode is made of a substance that does not undergo ox...
The nameplate of a power transformer contains the following details as per standard, then additional information could be provided varying from manufacturer to manufacturer. Name Of Manufacturer Serial Number Year Of Manufacture Connection Symbol – This tells you the HV winding and LV winding configuration of a transformer and difference in phase angle between them. Example DYN11 where the first letter represents the HV winding and indicates that it is connected in delta, the second letter represents the LV winding and indicates that it is connected in Star(wye) and the third letter N indicates that the LV winding has a Neutral while 11 denotes a 30 degree lead in phase angle. This article explains more on the Vector group of a transformer and why it is important. (Transformers connected in parallel must have the same vector group i.e. same phase angle shift to avoid circulating currents. This is a situation where one source will become load to the ot...
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